![]() ![]() Defined as the duration of the PR signal divided by the total duration of diastole, with this cutoff identifying a CMR-derived PR fraction > 25%.Not reliable in the presence of high RV end diastolic pressure.Steep deceleration is not specific for severe PR.Identifies a CMR-derived PR fraction >40%.Unless there are other reasons for RV enlargement.There are little data to support further separation of these values.ĭense early termination of diastolic flowĭeceleration time of pulmonary regurgitant jet.Signs are nonspecific and are influenced by many other factors (RV diastolic function, atrial fibrillation, RA pressure).RV and RA size can be within the ‘‘normal’’ range in patients with acute severe TR.Bolded signs are considered specific for their tricuspid regurgitation grade.Regurgitant volume of tricuspid regurgitation (RegJet/RA area 50%) or eccentric wall-impinging jet of variable size (e.g., flail leaflet, severe retraction, large perforation) Quantitative parameters can help subclassify the moderate regurgitation group. Discrepancies among EROA, RF, and RegVol may arise in the setting of low or high flow states.Minimal to no systolic flow/ systolic flow reversalĥ0 years old and is influenced by other causes of elevated LA pressure. Systolic dominance (may be blunted in LV dysfunction or AF) (RegJet/LA area 50%) or eccentric wall-impinging jet of variable size (primary: flail leaflet, ruptured papillary muscle, severe retraction, large perforation secondary: severe tenting, poor leaflet coaptation) Moderate leaflet abnormality or moderate tenting (e.g., mild thickening, calcifications or prolapse, mild tenting) Quantitative parameters can subclassify the moderate regurgitation group.PHT is shortened with increasing LV diastolic pressure and may be lengthened in chronic adaptation to severe AR.Exception: acute AR, in which chambers have not had time to dilate. Specific in normal LV function, in absence of causes of volume overload.Unless there are other reasons for LV dilation.Color Doppler usually performed at a Nyquist limit of 50-70 cm/sec. Bolded qualitative and semiquantitative signs are considered specific for their AR grade.Regurgitant volume of aortic regurgitation Regurgitation jet CSA in LVOT CSA (centrel jets) Regurgitation jet width in LVOT (centrel jets) IVRT (14) may be considered only in patients with depressed EFsĪbnormal/flail, or wide coaptation defect When cardiac etiology is present, lateral E/e´ is >13, whereas in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to a noncardiac etiology, lateral E/e´ is 1.5 m/sec) Lateral E/e´ can be applied to determine whether a cardiac etiology is the underlying reason for the increased pulmonary artery pressures When E and A velocities are partially or completely fused, the presence of a compensatory period after prematureīeats often leads to separation of E and A velocities which can be used for assessment of diastolic function Mitral inflow pattern with predominant early LV filling in patients with EFs 14 (this cutoff has highest specificity but low sensitivity) Peak acceleration rate of mitral E velocity (≥1,900 cm/sec 2)ĭT of pulmonary venous diastolic velocity (≤220 msec) Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastoleĪssessment of LV filling pressures in special populationsĮchocardiographic measurements and cutoff values Interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole ![]() Left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole ![]()
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